The government has initiated relief measures to support small and medium businesses impacted by the effects of the novel coronavirus, but the reality is that many are still struggling to manage cash flow in these trying times.
Cashflow is essential for business survival.
The difficulty even at the best of times is to manage the money coming in (accounts receivable) with the money going out (accounts payable).
Ideally, you should be aiming for a consistent positive cash situation – in other words, more money coming into the business than is being paid out.
So how can you ensure that you manage your finances properly, particularly in this exceptionally difficult trading situation?
1. Create and manage a cash flow forecast
You need to be able to make decisions based on sound forecasting and estimates, so establishing a cash flow forecast is essential.
Start by making a list of assumptions on which to base your forecast. This should include a prediction of price increases for your raw materials and a look at what you’ll, therefore, charge your customers.
There should be a projection of the growth or reduction of your sales, considering issues such as the seasons and the current trading environment.
You’ll also have to factor in rainy day funds such as salary increases and the growth of other costs.
- Revenue: Once you’ve got a reasonable idea of how your sales are going to do, you’ll need to think about how much revenue this will bring in.
Take into account when you’ll realistically get paid for these sales.
You might, for instance, have a regular customer who gives you a lot of business, but you’ll need to factor into your forecast that they usually take 60 days to pay or that they offer you a down payment.
- Expenses: Then identify your expenses. These typically include wages and salaries, suppliers’ costs, rent and rates, directors’ remuneration, and the purchase of new assets.
You might need to add interest payments and insurance premiums. Use the last year’s bank statements as a checklist while anticipating any new incomings and outgoings for the next 12 months, based on internal and external factors.
- A clear view of your finances: This will give you a reasonably accurate view of your opening and closing financial position for a month, six months and 12 months.
It’s often said that a cash flow forecast is never finished – for it to be effective, you should constantly review and update it.
Use what’s currently happening in the business to correct any assumptions and forward views you made when producing the forecast.
It’s also important – but especially so in these uncertain times – to stress test your projections.
If sales suddenly fall by a quarter, for instance, will you still be able to pay your essential bills? What will be the impact if you find that you must repair or buy a new piece of equipment?
2. Review finance options
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The government, as well as the corporate sector, has made billions of Rands available to businesses, such as the COVID-19 Debt Relief fund and the Sakuma fund, to assist entities in distress.
Meanwhile, major banks in South Africa are offering various options to assist impacted businesses. Standard Bank, for example, was the first to announce assistance, offering all its business clients with a turnover of less than R20 million a year, a three-month debt holiday until the end of June.
It’s important to talk to your bank and your accountant if you have one, as well as your industry body and others in your sector about accessing this support.
3. Invoice finance and asset-based lending
This is especially useful if customers are slow in paying their bills.
Essentially, invoice or accounts receivable financing enables you to use your unpaid invoices as security for a loan. You simply pay a percentage of the invoice amount to the lender as a fee for borrowing the money.
4. Invoice factoring
Then there is invoice factoring. Here, you sell your unpaid invoices rather than waiting for the client to pay, usually for around 70% to 90% of their total value.
Once the client has paid the factoring company the full amount, the factoring company then pays you. They’ll charge you a service fee, which is usually around 1% to 5% of the total invoice.
5. A business line of credit
Another option is a business line of credit, also known as revolving credit. Here, you borrow money either in one lump sum or as several smaller amounts until you reach the agreed limit of credit.
Each drawdown becomes a separate loan to be repaid according to a repayment schedule. As with any loan, you pay interest. In this case, you repay each of the loans with interest.
Unlike an overdraft, you don’t have to go into the red on your bank account to access a line of credit.
6. Importance of financial reporting
As the coronavirus throws so many businesses – including smaller ones where resources are more thinly spread more than most – into confusion, it’s easy to let financial reporting slip.
Reassuring customers, handling suppliers and managing employees working from home while keeping others safe is essential but so is ensuring that your financial reporting is up to date.
You’ll need to do this so you have all the information required to apply for loans and investments. This will also enable you to continuously keep an eye on the financial health of your business – especially during times of uncertainty and volatility.
Chatbots are becoming popular in accounting as consumers get more comfortable asking computers questions. By simply asking Pegg who still owes them money, for example, businesses can get an instant overview about where they stand with debtors.
Keep an eye, too, on your cash flow statement as this shows your viability in the short term and helps you to manage your bills.
Check that your cash inflow and cash outflow are accurate and up to date.
Similarly, you should pay regular attention to your profit and loss (P&L) account so you can check that you’ve made a decent profit over a set period. Ensure your sales and other income, on the one hand, and your costs, on the other, are both correct.
Alongside these key reports are others such as a stock overview report, an asset register, aged creditor and debtor reports, and VAT reports.
You’ll be able to see who you need to pursue most actively for payment and which of your creditors you’ll need to pay first.
7. Stay on top of inventory management
Ensuring you can meet clients’ needs while also avoiding cash being tied up in stock and paying out for storage is a delicate balance, especially when so much is uncertain in every sector.
Effective inventory management is vital. As with financial management, regular forecasting is useful. This involves frequent communication with customers and suppliers, as well as regular checks on market trends and analysis of past sales. Supermarkets, for instance, are keen weather watchers as they want to know when to stock up on barbecue food and accessories – or hot chocolate and comfort foods.
Inventory management software with up to date analytics is beneficial as is any system that can utilise data to help generate actionable insights. Adopt a ‘first in, first out’ approach to minimise the chances of perishable stock going off or other items losing their seasonal relevance. Keep a closer eye on higher value items than those that have less capital tied up in them. Anticipate reordering requirements even if you’re not placing an order at this point so you can give suppliers some notice for when you do.
Check that your receiving process is fast and efficient. This avoids newly arrived stock getting damaged, going off or being sent to the wrong place for storage. At the other end of the process, as well making sure that orders are dispatched promptly and carefully, ensure you’re ready to dispose of dead stock. This can free up new storage space more quickly and improve the opportunities for maximising any income potential for products that you can’t sell in the usual way.
Final words
Managing cash flow effectively is vital for every business at any time but for SMEs during times of uncertainty and volatility, it’s particularly important.
By scheduling an hour or two each week specifically to focus on forecasts and look at incoming and outgoing cash, assets and liabilities, and by accessing professional help and advice, your business will be well placed to weather the current storm and benefit in the longer term.
